Category: AMOC

Beyond El Niño: The Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension as a Precursor to California Winter Extremes

Reproduced from Figures 3 & 6 in Badezet-Delory (2026). (a) Regression of preceding September-November (SON) SST anomalies (°C), with tropical forcing removed, onto the ENSO-independent JFM California precipitation. (b) Comparison of the standardized timeseries of the ENSO-removed JFM California precipitation (black line) and the high-pass-filtered SON KOE precursor index (red line; cut off of 40... Continue Reading →

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Why High-Latitude Marine Heatwaves are Supercharging Coastal Carbon Sinks

Figure 1 from Hu et al. (2026). a Spatial distribution of averaged air–sea CO2 flux anomalies (mol C m−2 yr−1) during MHW months across the global coastal ocean, derived from the observation-based ULB–SOM–FFN–coastalv2 dataset. Positive anomalies indicate enhanced CO2 outgassing or reduced uptake, whereas negative anomalies represent enhanced uptake or reduced outgassing. b Integrated CO2 flux anomalies (Tg C) across 45 coastal... Continue Reading →

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Is the Indian Ocean Flooding the U.S. East Coast?

Figure 5 from Zhu et al. (2026). Relationships between decadal sea level anomalies (SLAs) and climate modes for the 1950-2020 period. (a) Correlation coefficients between decadal SLAs (with global mean sea level (GMSL) removed) from tide gauge data and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. (b) Decadal SLAs from tide gauge observation (black line) and... Continue Reading →

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A 330-Year Record of Ships’ Logbooks Reveal Strong Interplay Between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and East Atlantic (EA) patterns

Figure 3 from Mellado-Cano et al. (2019). Winter composites of: (a)–(d) near-surface temperature (shading, in °C) and geopotential height at 500 hPa (contours, in dam) anomalies; (e)–(h) precipitation (shading, in percentage of normals) and SLP (contours, hPa) anomalies for different combinations of NAODI and EADI indices with absolute values larger than 0.5 standard deviations: (a) NAODI+/EADI+, (b)... Continue Reading →

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Think Twice Before Using NAO Time Series in Your Next Climate Study

Figure 6 from Ender et al. (2026). EOFs 1 of monthly ERA5 sea level pressure over the North Atlantic (20°- 80°N, 90°W-0) for full record [(a); 1993–01 to 2023-12], Period 1 [(b); 1997–06 to 2001-10], and Period 2 [(c); 2004–02 to 2008-06]. Percent variance explained by each EOF is expressed in subplot titles. This blog... Continue Reading →

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Why the South Atlantic is Getting Saltier and Why It Matters for Our Climate

Figure 6 from Cui et al. (2026): (a) Linear trend of zonal wind stress (units: N m−2/decade) averaged over the period 1955–2014 from ERA5. The black solid line indicates the position of the Subtropical Front (STF) during 1955–1984, while the red dashed line represents the STF position during 1985–2014. The black polyline marks the location of... Continue Reading →

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SST Anomalies in the Tropical Eastern Pacific can dictate the climate of the North Atlantic a decade later

Figure 1 from Yang et al. (2026): The two leading joint EOF modes and their PCs of North Atlantic SST and AMOC decadal variability. (a) Decadal SST anomalies regressed onto the AMVTEP. Decadal SST (b) and AMOC (d) anomalies regressed onto the PC1. In panels (c, e) Same as (b, d) but for the PC2. Stipplings in (a–e) denote... Continue Reading →

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New Study Reveals Key Local Blind Spots in Climate Model Projections

Fig. 2 from Aru et al. (2026): Partitioning of observed SAT trend patterns into external forcing and internal variability. (A) Total, (B) external forcing, and (C) internal variability observed SAT trend patterns for the most recent (D to F) 30-year (1993–2022) periods, respectively, by regressing observed local anomalies against the 1850–2022 MMLE GSAT time series. Hatched regions... Continue Reading →

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What Happens to the Planet if the Indonesian Throughflow Stops?

This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on several studies, including "The Role of Indonesian Throughflow in a Global Ocean GCM." by Hirst and Godfrey (1993), "The Indonesian Throughflow’s Effect on Global Climate Determined from the COLA Coupled Climate System" by Wajsowicz and Schneider (2001), "Effects of the Indonesian... Continue Reading →

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Strengthening of the Indonesian Throughflow Accelerated Indian Ocean Warming Contrary to Climate Model Projections

Figure 1 from Guo et al. (2026): Heat and volume transports across the IX1 section and within Makassar Strait. a, b Heat (a) and volume (b) transports of the upper 700 m across the IX1 section, based on relative geostrophic currents estimated with observational data of ocean temperature and salinity. The grey shading represents the... Continue Reading →

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