Category: El Nino – Southern Oscillation

Beyond El Niño: The Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension as a Precursor to California Winter Extremes

Reproduced from Figures 3 & 6 in Badezet-Delory (2026). (a) Regression of preceding September-November (SON) SST anomalies (°C), with tropical forcing removed, onto the ENSO-independent JFM California precipitation. (b) Comparison of the standardized timeseries of the ENSO-removed JFM California precipitation (black line) and the high-pass-filtered SON KOE precursor index (red line; cut off of 40... Continue Reading →

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North Atlantic Temperature Regimes Increase Long-Range Weather Predictability

This infographic was generated by Google Notebook. This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by Google Notebook, are based on a preprint article “North Atlantic SST Drives Sub-seasonal Variability and Predictability of the Large-Scale Circulation” by Murphy et al. (2026). A preprint article by Murphy et al. (2026) investigates the causal relationship between North... Continue Reading →

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Why the Pacific is Cooling in a Warming World

Derived from Figure 2 in Xie et al. (2026). Observed and simulated 1982–2024 trends in equatorial ocean temperature. Linear trend of equatorial (2.5°S to 2.5°N mean) ocean temperature trends (°C/decade) in (A) OISST, (C) a CESM2-HIST member run with the strongest La Nina-like trend, and (D) the CESM2-HIST ensemble mean. Stippling indicates 90% confidence. The... Continue Reading →

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Is the Indian Ocean Flooding the U.S. East Coast?

Figure 5 from Zhu et al. (2026). Relationships between decadal sea level anomalies (SLAs) and climate modes for the 1950-2020 period. (a) Correlation coefficients between decadal SLAs (with global mean sea level (GMSL) removed) from tide gauge data and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. (b) Decadal SLAs from tide gauge observation (black line) and... Continue Reading →

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Is Global Warming Changing the Pacific Ocean’s Natural Cycles?

Figure 4 from Xing et al. (2025): Differences between the traditional and ensemble-mean removed methods (hereafter traditional-EM). (a) EOF1 and (b)) EOF2 spatial pattern; here differences are calculated between the ensemble mean of the traditional method applied to each ensemble member, and the ensemble mean of PDV calculated using the ensemble mean removed method. All calculations... Continue Reading →

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SST Anomalies in the Tropical Eastern Pacific can dictate the climate of the North Atlantic a decade later

Figure 1 from Yang et al. (2026): The two leading joint EOF modes and their PCs of North Atlantic SST and AMOC decadal variability. (a) Decadal SST anomalies regressed onto the AMVTEP. Decadal SST (b) and AMOC (d) anomalies regressed onto the PC1. In panels (c, e) Same as (b, d) but for the PC2. Stipplings in (a–e) denote... Continue Reading →

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How Super El Niño Could Shift the Planet into a New Climate Reality

Fig. 3 from Xue et al. (2025): Evidence of super El Niño-induced climate regime shifts (CRSs) across various regions and climatic variables. Time series of standardized anomalies for sea surface temperature (SST), surface air temperature (SAT), and surface soil moisture (Soil) across selected regions with respect to 1948–2022 climatology. The vertical black lines and blue... Continue Reading →

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What Happens to the Planet if the Indonesian Throughflow Stops?

This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on several studies, including "The Role of Indonesian Throughflow in a Global Ocean GCM." by Hirst and Godfrey (1993), "The Indonesian Throughflow’s Effect on Global Climate Determined from the COLA Coupled Climate System" by Wajsowicz and Schneider (2001), "Effects of the Indonesian... Continue Reading →

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The Stratospheric Metronome of Global Weather Is Fading Under Global Warming

This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “The disappearing quasi-biennial oscillation under sustained global warming” by Luo et al. (2026). Luo et al. (2026) examines the potential permanent disappearance of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), a major atmospheric cycle, due to prolonged global warming. Using CMIP6 climate models and high-emission scenarios, the study finds that... Continue Reading →

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Cold Bias Stalls Kuroshio Engine for the Powerful Storms Hitting the North American West Coast

This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “North Pacific model biases influence Kuroshio Extension atmospheric circulation patterns” by Song et al. (2026). A new research by Song et al. (2026) explores how sea surface temperature (SST) biases in climate models disrupt the predicted atmospheric circulation patterns caused by the Kuroshio Extension (KE). By... Continue Reading →

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